ABSTRACT
Social determinants of mental and physical health that influence young peoples' trajectories into adulthood are often remediable through law. To address inequalities, including those exacerbated since the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to better understand young people's need for and uptake of advice for social welfare legal problems. This scoping review aimed to review available evidence and identify gaps to inform further research. To identify studies relevant to social welfare legal advice among young adults we conducted searches of eight bibliographic databases (compiled between January 1998 and June 2020), hand searches of included article reference lists and targeted grey literature searches. 35 peer reviewed and grey literature studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria including evaluations of interventions to promote access to advice, general population surveys, observational studies, and audits of charity data or targeted surveys. Evidence suggests considerable and inequitable need for social welfare legal advice among young adults with adverse consequences for health and wellbeing. Needs among higher risk groups are likely underestimated. Evidence for interventions to enhance access/uptake of advice is limited and methodologically weak. We identify several gaps in the literature to inform research and to enable systematic reviews around more specific questions to inform practice.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This scoping review aimed to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic influenced any modifications to patient selection methods or prioritisation and services provided by proton therapy centres. Method(s): This review was conducted based on the PRISMA methodology and Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review guidelines.1,2 A literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, Web Of Science and Scopus as well as grey literature. Keywords including "COVID-19" and "Proton Therapy" were used. Articles published from 1 January 2020 in English were included. In total, 138 studies were identified of which 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. A scoping review design was chosen to capture the full extent of information published relating to the aim. Result(s): Six of 14 articles included statements regarding treatment of COVID-19 patients. Three publications recommended deferred or alternative treatment, two indicated to treat urgent/emergency patients and one reported continuous treatment for infectious patients. Recurring impacts on PT provision included more frequent use of alternative therapies, reduced referrals, delayed treatment starts and CT simulation, change in treatment volume and staffing limitations due to pandemic restrictions. Consequently, telehealth consults, remote work, reduction in patient visitors, screening procedures and rigorous cleaning protocols were recommended. Discussion/Conclusion: Few publications detailed patient selection or workflow methods used during the pandemic. Further research is needed to obtain more detailed information regarding current global patient selection methods in proton therapy, collecting this data could aid in future planning for proton therapy in Australia.
ABSTRACT
[...]findings of this rapid review suggest that the state of the telehealth and RPM scientific literature is in its infancy. Health Information Management Systems Society (HIMSS);the American Nurses Association (ANA);Johnson & Johnson;Society of Nurse Scientists, Innovators, Entrepreneurs and Leaders (SONSIEL);and the American Organization of Nurse Leaders (AONL). [...]the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools (2017) were used to appraise the quality (i.e., low, moderate, high) of each article from the traditional literature. [View full size] Data extraction, reported in Table 2. lists these descriptors for each study: a description of the Innovation, study design, conceptual model, sample, sampling strategy, setting, data analysis or analytics techniques, concept deployed, quality of the research and the role of the nurse-author(s).
ABSTRACT
In England, approximately 1 in 6 people have a common mental health condition, with certain groups experiencing worsening mental health since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, improving mental health remains a key priority for policy makers and practitioners. Community-based interventions are increasingly used to improve health and reduce inequalities. Evaluation of such interventions is important to ensure they are effective and to maintain financial support for continued delivery. Hesitation to complete administratively demanding evaluative measures by service users, which may not be suited to evaluating low intensity activities, point to the need to identify acceptable, unobtrusive methods of data collection. This review focuses on identifying unobtrusive methods that have previously been used to examine service user's perceptions of community-based interventions and their effectiveness, and the acceptability of the methods. A review of peer reviewed, and grey literature was undertaken in July 2022. Literature was identified via six databases, Google searches, and by contacting experts. Literature was included if it described unobtrusive methods to gather service users' perceptions of an intervention and/or reported the acceptability of such methods. Literature was excluded if it described traditional methods to gather service users' perceptions of an intervention. Our search identified 930 citations from searching databases (n = 886), Google (n = 40), and from contacting 15 experts directly, and over 300 experts indirectly via three e-mail lists (n = 4). No literature met our inclusion criteria. We report an empty review. There is no peer reviewed or grey literature that describes unobtrusive methods of data collection for mental health and wellbeing focused community-based interventions, or their perceived acceptability. The findings from this review indicate the need to develop unobtrusive methods of data collection in the field of public mental health, suitable for low intensity activities, and examine the acceptability and feasibility of such methods.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: With the COVID-19 pandemic still ongoing, and the majority of deaths in the first waves occurring in residential aged care, infection prevention and control (IPC) in this setting has been put under the spotlight. It has been recognised that expertise in the sector was lacking (Safety 2021). To address this, the federal Department of Health mandated every residential aged care facility (RACF) employ an on-site "infection control lead nurse"1. However, no stipulation was made as to the minimum full-time equivalent (FTE) dedicated to this position. A literature review was undertaken to explore evidence and trends to determine what the minimum FTE should be dedicated to this particular role. Method(s): The Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) framework guided a systematic integrative literature review conducted. Electronic databases Medline, CINHAL, EMBASE & Proquest were searched between 1/1/2000 and 30/4/2022. Grey literature was also searched. The mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT) was used to critique the quality of articles for inclusion. Result(s): The literature search yielded 1486 articles, with 17 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Results showed bed numbers per FTE has been trending downwards in the acute care sector. Most recent studies indicate FTE for IPC is appropriate at 1.0 FTE for every 67 beds. Conclusion(s): Study on what the FTE is suitable for nurses working in IPC in any healthcare setting has been scant. Only four studies that met the inclusion criteria were found to have attempted to quantify the time taken to carry out infection control activities.Copyright © 2022
ABSTRACT
Background: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and identify the latest evidence on the feasibility and accessibility of telerehabilitation services in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control of patients with COVID-19. Method(s): The studies were retrieved from the authoritative scientific databases Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed on November 25, 2021. Then, the gray literature was scrutinized using the Google search engine to identify the latest possible evidence. Randomized controlled trial studies and protocols that used the telerehabilitation approach as an intervention to improve the condition of distant COVID-19 patients were part of the inclusion criteria. In order to assess the quality of the studies entering this study, the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials was used. The same checklist was used for data extraction. Finding(s): A total of 7 eligible articles were obtained in this review. The quality assessment results showed that there was no significant bias in the studies and all studies were eligible to be included in our study. In two studies (3.7, 43%), telerehabilitation was used to support COVID-19 patient, both of which reported significant improvement in endurance, functional and physical condition of patients with telerehabilitation. However, no significant improvement was found in patients' pulmonary function parameters. In contrast, another study showed a significant improvement in shortness of breath and aerobic capacity of patients in the intervention group compared to the control. Conclusion(s): The results of the systematic review showed that a small number of small-scale studies on telerehabilitation have been performed for patients with COVID-19. However, it seems telerehabilitation has great potential to improve the functional, respiratory, physical condition and ultimately improve the quality of life of patients with COVID-19.Copyright © 2022 Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Food systems are complex, with a multitude of drivers including climate change, income markets, policy, social norms, and demography Within food systems, food supply chain activities influence food resources, and in turn, diets. More broadly, economic, social and environmental impacts dictate a person's dietary quantity, quality, diversity, safety, and adequacy.(1) Food security is a term describing a situation where everyone has physical, social, and economic access to nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences. Not only does food need to be available, accessible, utilised, stable, but also sustainable.(1) However, in a global context, food systems are fraught with issues threatening food security, including shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic,(2) and war Globally, 2020 food prices were higher than in the previous six years. Within Australia, we lack food system resiliency due to a casualised workforce, reliance on international workers, a concentration of supermarket power, and widening inequities, among others Evidence suggests that Australia will not meet global targets to achieve the 'Zero Hunger' 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda We face an incredible challenge;to feed an increasing population sustainably. Local food systems, also known as 'alternative food networks', are often sold for local or regional markets.(3) Australian research reported barriers to purchasing and consuming more locally grown food such as affordability, limited availability, and a lack of interest. While enablers included altruistic reasons such as financially supporting farmers, personal health perceptions or an environmental contribution.(4) Evidence suggests local food systems encourage seasonal eating and dietary diversity, connect consumers and producers, and increase food system resiliency.(5,6) This presentation asserts that communities must participate in shaping the food systems which impact their food security. Food Policy Groups (FPG) are a potential mechanism to involve community and food system stakeholders in driving such actions forward These inter-agency alliances focus on impact areas such as food access, equity, and food system resiliency. A scoping review was undertaken in August-November 2022, to synthesise the literature describing the impact of FPG on local food systems within highincome countries. A total of 355 peer-reviewed and grey literature sources were imported into Covidence for screening;31 duplicates were removed, 324 sources were screened, 146 full-text sources assessed for eligibility. Thirty-one sources with evaluation evidence demonstrating their impact were extracted. FPG focused on increasing food system equity, such as distributing culturally appropriate food;increased access to healthy food, such as successfully advocating for food objectives to be written into local food system plans;supporting food system resiliency, such as achieving local food procurement in schools. The international evidence suggests FPG are impactful across several food system aspects. Future research will examine whether FPG could be an effective mechanism for local food system change in Australia.
ABSTRACT
PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought profound changes to all sectors of society including the construction sector. The main purpose of this study is to explore and provide insights into the impact and changes that have occurred in the construction sector due to COVID-19 and to present a mitigation framework to minimize the effects.Design/methodology/approachThe scope of this study is limited to peer-reviewed articles in Scopus or Web of Science indexed journals. A systemized review was performed with bibliometric and content analyses of articles related to the impact of COVID-19 on the construction sector.FindingsThrough content analysis, the main topics discussed in the selected articles were grouped into 10 categories. Most of these studies were found to have focused on the challenges, impact, and health and safety at construction sites resulting from the pandemic. The study further identified 39 subtopics through detailed content analysis and organizes them into the categories of negative impacts, positive impacts and opportunities and barriers to COVID-19 safety guidelines in the construction sector. Moreover, the study developed a systematic mitigation strategy based on the recommendations of the literature review to reduce the impact of the current pandemic on the construction sector. The mitigation strategy presents separate set of measures regarding safety guidelines, process improvements, government intervention, psychological support and technology adoption.Originality/valueThe research insights provided in this study are useful for practitioners in guiding them to design effective strategies for addressing the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and future crises. Furthermore, a systematic presentation of the impacts, challenges and mitigation measures in this study will help researchers to identify existing gaps in the literature and explore other aspects of the impact of the pandemic on the construction sector.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To determine how the addition of health literacy interventions may generate additional benefits and impact quality of life and health outcomes for those with atrial fibrillation (AF). Material(s) and Method(s): Searches were carried out according to six databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Emcare, Cochrane library) alongside gray literature (Google Scholar). Studies were included if their evaluated interventions improved any dimension, typology, or aspect of health literacy. Citations were exported into Covidence for duplicate removal, and article screening. Extraction will occur using a standardized extraction tool and studies will be synthesized using best evidence synthesis. The Downs and Black's checklist will be used for the risk of bias and the assessment of the overall quality of evidence will utilize the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach (GRADE). Result(s): A total of 2851 articles were identified for screening, with 59 included for quality assessment according to the Downs and Black checklist. The majority of articles involved randomized controlled trials or pre-post studies. Health literacy interventions included brochures (n = 3), web-( n = 12), visual-( n = 10), and smartphone-based (n = 14), to group sessions (n = 8) and specific integrated AF clinics (n = 12). General themes from these articles involved mostly improvements in AF knowledge, adherence/activation, and quality of life/clinical outcomes. Conclusion(s): This review extends the concept of precision health to also include health literacy interventions. Further research with aims to clarify the impact of specific modes of interventions will greatly assist in the application of health literacy interventions in conjunction with precision health in those with AF.
ABSTRACT
This grey literature review documents koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) conservation initiatives applied across 12 local government areas in South East Queensland, Australia. To overcome threats to koalas' survival, the grey literature indicates that local governments in this region focus on wildlife management solutions, wildlife signage, habitat restoration projects and koala awareness campaigns. Despite these measures, land clearing of koala habitat to cater for urban population growth combined with recent bushfires and floods have contributed to the decline of koalas in this region. Recommendations to enhance progress include greater usage of the grey literature in peer review work and further application of social marketing to encourage residents to uptake behaviors that can mitigate threats to koalas, including slowing down when driving in koala zones, participating in citizen science, and leashing dogs when walking in native bush areas. The need for collaborative efforts aimed at conserving the koala from potential extinction is indicated. This paper provides an approach that can be applied to track progress on coordinated efforts to conserve koalas.
ABSTRACT
In 2019, GeoScienceWorld was actively planning to bring a large content and data repository, that includes a significant proportion of highly valued Grey Literature, into our existing collection of 50+ peer-reviewed journals and over 2300 books in the geosciences. Due to various external situations, including the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and an absence of community-accepted standards for Grey Literature publishing, this project has stalled. GeoScienceWorld continues to investigate opportunities to bring original datasets, as well as other collections of Grey Literature, predominantly in the form of partner societies' conference proceedings and related conference materials, into our traditional research platform. We are also in the early stages of planning for a new research tool that will be truly content agnostic in bringing research and valuable insights to our primary end-user stakeholders, researchers, whether in academia or industry. As an organization, GeoScienceWorld is further implementing an Agile mindset and development philosophy to bring increasingly useful, and timely, resources to our stakeholder groups. A key ceremony of all truly Agile development processes is the Retrospective. In this paper, I review the initial aims of the project to incorporate a large grey dataset into our traditional scholarly literature platform and provide reflections on how both GeoScienceWorld and the wider Grey Literature community can move forward to bring such valuable datasets to audiences that both want and need, such content to advance their research. For each element of the initial project, I ask the following Agile Retrospective questions: What did we do well? What could we have done better? What have we learned? What are we still puzzled by? As a result of applying these questions to the initial project, I will present recommendations that both inform GeoScienceWorld's future integration and presentation of Grey Literature, as well as offer a clearer path toward greater Grey Literature acceptance within traditional scholarly platforms such as ours. © 2023 TextRelease. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: There are studies highlighting TB trends in association with several factors like demographics, drug resistance, etc, but there is dearth of literature on performance of NTEP and its association with TB trends. Hence, present research aims at assessing the TB trend in association with NTEP from its inception, budget allocation, and expenditure. Further, study will highlight one of the best performing states in NTEP implementation strategies. Method(s): Its a retrospective study, data was extracted and analysed from official websites of the Central TB Division, National strategic plan reports, PubMed, and other grey literature. Study excluded literature on paediatric patients. Result(s): Study findings indicate trend of TB based on incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate for a period of 8 years starting from 2012 to 2020. From the trend, it's clear that mortality, incidence and prevalence rates are decreasing but impact of covid makes variations for the same. Looking at budget allocation, spending pattern, between 2012 to 2018 there was surplus of funds, whereas between 2019 to 2021 there is deficit. Trend analysis has revealed that the NTEP in India is performing well despite the pandemic effect. Conclusion(s): The study reported trends which shows mortality and incidence rates of tuberculosis in India are decreasing. But prevalence rate trend is increased in 2016 and 2017 due to the comorbidity condition like HIV and inaccuracy of data that is found in TB national report. The requested fund and approved budgeted fund differ significantly with actual fund released to the states. The budget and expenditure trend have revealed that allotted budget was underutilized in the early-stages and later expenditures exceed the budget, or the budget is overutilized. Finally, as per NTEP implementation among all the states, Assam is found to be one of the states that excels in outperforming on TB eradication in India with more data transparency.Copyright © 2022
ABSTRACT
The U.S. public health enterprise is a complex system of public and private partners, loosely coupled, which work together to improve the public's health. This scoping review utilized peer-reviewed and grey literature to understand systems approaches may be used in the design or enhancement of public health governance structures and service delivery mechanisms. Titles and s were screened against the research question and retained materials were reviewed in full. The final analytic sample included 34 articles from an initial pool of 1128 unique citations that collectively described 25 systems approaches. The findings indicate that few avenues may be present to guide design or enhancement of public health systems when needs arise, such as in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Scarcity of literature on this topic presents a challenge, and further analytical studies are needed to inform evidence-based systems design strategies and applications. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the crucial role of blogs in reporting topical materials yet to be adequately discussed in scholarly journals. A scoping study examined 31 samples from 4 types of blogging sources cited in 10 publications published in 7 journals in 2020. We identified four categories of blogs that include 39 community organisations, academics, practitioners, and community members who are readers of these blogs. We discuss the areas in which these blogs have affected public discourse over COVID-19. We also show that the blogs are based on novel concepts that have not yet been subject to the peer review process.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which required urgent responses from health systems, and ongoing decision making in a context of limited and evolving evidence, modeling played a significant role in supporting public policy making. Nonetheless, particularly in low and middle-income countries, modeling groups are scarce, and usually not routinely involved in supporting public health policy making. We aimed to appraise COVID-19 modeling work in Brazil during the pandemic. Methods. We performed a scoping review following PRISMA guidelines to identify groups conducting COVID-19 modeling to support health decision-making in Brazil. Search strategies were applied to MEDLINE, LILACS, Embase, ArXiv, and also included National data repositories and gray literature. We excluded reports of models without modeling results. Titles, s, data repository descriptions and full-text articles identified were read and selected by two reviewers. Data extracted included modeling questions, model characteristics (structure, type, and programming), epidemiologic data sources, main outcomes reported, and parameters. To further identify modeling groups that might have not yet published results, snowball sampling was performed, and a short survey was sent electronically. Investigators and policymakers were invited to an online interview, to obtain further information on how they interacted, communicated, and used modeling results. Results. We retrieved 1,061 references. After removing duplicates (127), 1,016 s and titles were screened. From an initial selection of 142 s, 133 research groups were identified, of which 67 didn't meet the eligibility criteria. Of these, 66 groups were invited for an interview, of which 24 were available, including 18 modeling groups from academic institutions, and four groups from State Health departments. Most models assessed the impact of mitigation measures in cases/hospitalization/deaths and healthcare service demand. Interaction and communication with decisionmakers were not well established in most groups. Conclusions. Despite a large number of modeling groups in Brazil, we observed a significant gap in modeling demand and communicating its results to support the decision-making process during the COVID-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Systematic literature reviews (SLRs) include recent conferences as grey-literature sources. s are routinely indexed in Embase but some might be unidentifiable if indexing is inadequate or delayed. To investigate this, we compared yields from Embase searches of ISPOR Europe congresses with hand-searching of the ISPOR and Value in Health (VH) websites, for records on COVID-19, prostate cancer and cystic fibrosis, representing highly, commonly and rarely reported topics, respectively. Method(s): We searched Embase (via Ovid), VH (via Science Direct) and the ISPOR website for s from ISPOR Europe 2020 and 2021, to compare the number of hits for the diseases of interest across these three platforms. Result(s): For cystic fibrosis, seven s were identified in each platform. Embase and VH identified the same references, but these had two discrepancies compared to the ISPOR website. For prostate cancer, there were 30, 39 and 36 s retrieved through searching Embase, VH and the ISPOR website, respectively. All the Embase hits were identified in the VH and ISPOR website searches. In addition to the three references in the VH search, there were another four discrepancies between the platforms when compared to the ISPOR website search. For COVID-19, there were 231, 256 and 308 s retrieved searching Embase, VH and the ISPOR website, respectively. There were 31 different references between Embase and VH. As the ISPOR website does not support exporting to a reference manager, duplicates across the searches for the different "COVID-19" terms were difficult to quantify and so comparison with the other platforms was not performed. Conclusion(s): The findings demonstrate discrepancies in retrieval between Embase, VH and ISPOR website for ISPOR Europe, and ideally several platforms should be searched for completeness. This assessment was only based on three diseases and further research is needed to include wider topics and other congresses. Copyright © 2022
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Post-COVID, healthcare systems are balancing the need to improve health outcomes with expenditure. Healthcare and payer policy reforms have been approved or are being discussed in major European markets: France, Germany, Italy, Spain and England. This study outlines the evolving access landscape and potential implications on orphan drug (OD) access. Method(s): For each market, qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on information collected via targeted literature review of publicly available sources: national authority websites, peer-reviewed articles, and grey literature. Findings were segmented into policy scope, policy occurrence likelihood and OD access impact. Policy scope comprised 4 categories: access, pricing, assessing methodology and wider healthcare policy. Occurrence likelihood was subdivided into occurred, expected, and discussed reforms. The OD access impact (positive/negative) was categorised as high, intermediate, and low. Analysing the relationship between likelihood of occurrence and impact to OD access pinpointed reforms most likely to change the OD payer landscape. Result(s): This research identified 29 reforms: 8 in England, 7 in Italy, 6 in France, 4 in Spain and Germany. Our analysis framework identified highly significant reforms: 3 in France and Germany, 2 in Italy, and 1 in England and Spain. England and Italy have the highest number of reforms encouraging OD launch. France showed a relative increase in attractiveness, while Spain lagged. Draft legislation in Germany appeared the most punitive for OD access to patients. Conclusion(s): Overall, attractiveness for OD launch is increasing in Europe. Due to the size of market potential, cost containment measures in Germany may hinder European launch strategy and mitigate the positive impact of increased OD patient access in other markets. Monitoring of upcoming changes alongside working closely with physician and patient advocacy groups to maintain OD funding priorities will ensure rare disease patients are not left behind and can continue to access therapies. Copyright © 2022
ABSTRACT
Objectives: In Canada, basic primary health coverage for physician and hospital services is provided without cost-sharing, while drug insurance is provided through a patchwork system of public and private plans that often have substantial cost-sharing, resulting in important inequities. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed the limit of Canada's drug insurance systems, as mass layoffs have resulted in millions losing employment-based drug coverage. Method(s): We conducted a systematic review to examine the association of prescription drug insurance and cost-sharing with drug use, health services use, and health, in Canada. We searched four electronic databases, two grey literature databases, five specialty journals and two working paper repositories. At least two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion, extracted characteristics, and assessed risk of bias. Result(s): Results from 37 studies consistently demonstrated that the expansion and/or provision of drug insurance were associated with higher drug use, while increases in and higher levels of cost-sharing were associated with lower drug use. Although many studies found statistically significant associations between drug insurance or cost-sharing and health services use, the magnitudes of these associations were small and unlikely clinically meaningful. Among five studies that examined the association of drug insurance and cost-sharing with health, one found a statistically significant and clinically meaningful association. Lastly, we found little evidence that socioeconomic status or sex were effect modifiers;however, some evidence suggested that health modified the association between drug insurance and cost-sharing with drug use. Conclusion(s): Increased cost-sharing is likely to affect the use of essential and nonessential drugs. Universal pharmacare without cost-sharing may reduce health inequities as it may increase drug use among lower-income relative to higher-income populations. These findings may inform drug insurance policy in Canada, as well as other jurisdictions. Copyright © 2022
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Mental health problems, including depression, often start in childhood or adolescence. The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to alarming rates of child and adolescent depression. An emerging potential treatment in adults is omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are naturally found in fatty fish, marine sources, and some nuts and seeds. We will determine the efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs for children and adolescents with clinical depression. Method(s): Electronic searches were conducted in several databases. Reference lists of relevant studies and grey literature were also searched for additional references. Randomized controlled trials involving supplementary omega-3 fatty acid treatment of any dose as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy among males and females who were 6 to 19 years of age with depression qualified for inclusion. All screening of citations was conducted in duplicate. Full-text citations were assessed for inclusion criteria and methodological quality from potentially relevant s. The standardized mean difference with 95% CI was determined. Result(s): This review included 6 trials involving 253 participants. Five studies involving 202 participants included in the primary outcome analysis demonstrated a moderate effect size when compared to placebo with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -0.47 (95% CI, -1.07 to 0.13). Attrition rates were highly variable and not significant, with an OR of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.34-1.20). Conclusion(s): To date, there is insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs on depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. However, this review suggests a moderate beneficial effect of omega-3 PUFAs on depressive symptoms compared to placebo, although the effect estimate is imprecise and not significant. Further research that addresses limitations in the current body of research on this topic in children and adolescents, including small sample sizes, remission, adverse events, dosage, and delivery modes, will help increase the precision in the effect estimates. DDD, TREAT Copyright © 2022
ABSTRACT
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have shown mixed effects in clinical studies of COVID-19 disease. We aimed to comprehensively assess how CQ and HCQ affected COVID-19 patient outcomes. Method(s): We combed through a wide range of archives, preprints, and grey literature up through the date of November 17, 2022. Using a random-effects model, we combined only the mortality estimates that had their effects accounted for. We summed up how CQ or HCQ affected viral clearance, ICU admission, and the need for mechanical ventilation. All of the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google scholar, LILACS, and Scopus were searched electronically from their inceptions in the 1950s without regard to publication date or language availability up until November 2022. In total, 6 articles were used for the evaluation. Patients who are subjected to be treated with Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine against Corona viral infections Six randomised clinical trials (RCTs) met the criteria, therefore these findings can be considered. There is some evidence to show that HCQ is effective in lowering short-term mortality in COVID-19 hospitalised patients or the risk of hospitalisation in COVID-19 outpatients. Finally, these results should be taken into account in the follow-up care of patients who will be admitted for COVID-19 treatmen and may help in their clinical management. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.